Radiant electric heater.



R. W. BAKER, V. L. KING & H. O. PARKER.

RADIANT ELECTRIC HEATER.

APPLICATION FILED DBO.29,1909.

Patented Nov. 29, 1910.

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moon 0% 56 mop, a t iif i w UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RAYMOND W. BAKER. OF NEW YORK. N. Y.. VICTOR L. KING, OF \VOODRIDGE, NEW

JERSEY, AND HERSCHEL C. PARKER. OF NEW YORK. N. Y-. ASSIGNORS TO PARKER- CLARK ELECTRIC COMPANY. OF NEW YORK. N. Y.. A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

RADIANT ELECTRIC HEATER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 29, 1910.

Application filed December 29, 1909. Serial N0.'535,470.

To all whom it may concern:

lie it known that we, RAYMOND \V. BAKn'it, of the city county. and State of New York, Yu'rou 1.; Kine, ot' "oodridge, Bergen county. New Jersey, and Illnuscum. C. Paulina, of the city of New York, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Radiant- Electric Heaters, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

()ur invention relates to improvements in radiant electric heaters such as are used for warming the atmosphere by radiation. In devices of this class, so far as we know, where incandescent heaters are used, these are inelosed in a globe and in a vacuum or at least partial vacuum, as such filaments generally disintegrate or burn up in the open air. Other forms of resisters are used for heaters with which the air can contact, but they have the disadvantage of not making a very intense heat, and consequently as a rule such registers are rather-bulky, and moreover they do not make attractive heaters because they do not get luminous.

The object of our invention is to produce a radiant heater which will be brightly luminous, in fact incandescent, to inclose the heating element in a transparent or translucent globe, to use a filament or resister which is capable of withstanding an extremely high temperature, say 1500 degrees C. in the air, and then to provide for circulating air over this heating unit so that by this arrangement we get high efiiciency, a concentrated heat, a good distribution. of heated air, and a beautiful heater.

Reference is to be had to the accompany ing drawings forming a part of this specification, in which similar reference characters indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of one form of our radiant heater, and Fig. 2 is a similar view of another form of the heater, the two forms being alike in principle.

The heater can be provided with a base of any approved kind, and this has nothing to do with the invention. For convenience we have shown a base 10 adapted to screw into any ordinary socket, and from it rises a filament 11 which can be applied to the socket in any of the usual ways. The heating element or filament 11 is not like the ordinary filament, however, but is a combination of silicon and carbon capable of glowing continuously in the open air and at a temperature of high incandescence. Resisters or filaments of this kind are now made and they are composed of silicon and carbon, differing from silicon carbid, however, in that they contain more than one atom of carbon to one atom of silicon. This material is a conductor of electricity when cold, and is extremely strong, while it with stands readily a temperature of 1500 degrees C. The filament or heating unit is usually long for. a radiant heater, much longer than in a common lamp, and is therefore preferably anchored as shown at 12 to the globe 13 which is provided with openlugs 14 at top and bottom, and so when the heating unit 11 is hot, the air will be quickly heated in the globe, and rising will pass out through the upper holes 14, while the cooler air will enter through the lower holes. The issuing air will be very warm as the filament gets extremely hot. The particular form of the globe and the way of mounting the filament are immaterial, and it is obvious that the globe may be made large enough to contain several heating units or resisters or filaments, if desire The globe should be transparent or translucent, and can be either of clear glass, or preferably of ground or translucent glass. This form of heater is found much more efficient that the ones in which a vacuum is maintained in the globe, because the vacuum is a poor conductor of heat, while the glass permits the heat waves to pass through readily and the greater part of the heat is radiated through the circulating air.

To illustrate the fact that many forms of containing globes may be used, we have shown in Fig. 2 another type of globe and support which is quite similar to an ordinary lamp chimney. As here illustrated the base 10 carries removable terminals 15 which support the filament 11, thus providing for an easy renewal in case the filament or heating unit is broken. The base 10 is also provided with arms 16 similar to an ordinary chimney gallery, and these support the globe 13 which is open at the top as shown at 17. The filament can be anchored to the globe as shown at 12. in this form it will be seen that the air passes freely up between the arms and through the gallery l6, and the hot air emerges from the top of the globe. Filaments of this material (silundum) can be made much stronger and larger than ordinary filaments, so that they radiate a great deal of heat, and they are strong enough to stand an ordinary shock. Moreover this filament will glow continuous for a very long period, at least several thousand hours it is believed, though their life has not yet been fully determined.

From the above description it will be seen that it is possible to make a highly efiicient radiant heater which combines beauty and utility, and which is an inexpensive structure, readily applied to ordinary electric connections. The filaments which we have shown would of course make a good heater if uncovered, but in such case they would not be so attractive in appearance, and moreover would be in danger of setting things on fire, while they would also be liable to be broken.

While the invention which we have shown and described is especially adapted for radiant heating, still this structure makes an excellent though not very highly efficient lamp for use in cases where there is excessive vibration, as for instance on board a battle-ship. In such places efiiciency is not the first consideration, but stability rather.

Having thus fully described our invention, we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent l. A radiant electric heater comprising a filament capable of glowing at a temperature of incandescence in the air, electrical connections for the filament, and a light permeable globe inclosing the filament, said globe having openings in the upper and lower parts thereof thereby causing a airculation of air through the globe.

2. A radiant electric heater comprising a heating unit or resister in filament form capable of being maintained at incandescencc in the open air, electrical connections for the filament, a containing globe for the filament, and means for permitting a circulation of air through the globe.

3. A radiant electric heater comprising a r heating unit in filament form constructed to glow at a temperature of incandesccnec in the open air, electrical connections for the heating unit, and a containing globe for the heating unit, said globe having an air inlet near the bottom and an air exit near the top.

4. A radiant electric heater comprising a stifi" non-metallic resister in filament form which when cold is a conductor of electricity and which glows on the passage of a current.

of electricity through it, electrical connections for the resistor or filament, and a containing globe open to the air for the filament.

RAYMOND WV. BAKER. VICTOR L. KING. HERSCHEL C. PARKER. Witnesses:

WARREN B. HUTCI-IINSON, ARTHUR G. DANNELL. 

